About

Code
library(khroma)
light <- color("light")
plot_scheme(light(5), colours = TRUE, names = TRUE, size = 0.9)

Code
pale <- color("pale")
plot_scheme(pale(5), colours = TRUE, names = TRUE, size = 0.9)

Code
muted <- color("muted")
plot_scheme(muted(5), colours = TRUE, names = TRUE, size = 0.9)

This supplemenal material accompanies the publication “DisInforMeter”. The aim of this material is to offer a transparent, open, and accessible repository providing annotated code for all analysis steps.

Open Data

We provide all data necessary to replicate the full results of the main manuscript as well as the supplementary analyses. We specifically provide a minial reproducible dataset that includes all variables necessary to perform the analysis, while still protecting the privacy and confidentiality of the participants. All data is available as part of our Open Science repository (Agostini et al., 2021) <– ref to be replaced.

Open Code

The full code of this illustration as well as the main manuscript is available as part of our GitHub repository (Agostini et al., 2021) <– ref to be replaced. A minimal version of the code as well as an archive file are available in our Open Science repository (Agostini et al., 2021) <– ref to be replaced.

Software Information

The full session information with all relevant system information and all loaded and installed packages is available in the collapsible section below.

System Info

R environment session info for reproducibility of results
Setting Value
version R version 4.4.2 (2024-10-31)
os macOS 26.4.1
system aarch64, darwin20
ui X11
language (EN)
collate C.UTF-8
ctype C.UTF-8
tz Europe/Berlin
date 2026-05-18
pandoc 3.8.3 @ /Applications/quarto/bin/tools/ (via rmarkdown)
quarto 1.9.37 @ /Applications/quarto/bin/quarto

Package Info

Package info for reproducibility of results
Package Loaded version Date Source
bibtex 0.5.1 2023-01-26 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
devtools 2.4.5 2022-10-11 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
dplyr 1.1.4 2023-11-17 CRAN (R 4.4.0)
forcats 1.0.0 2023-01-29 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
ggplot2 3.5.2 2025-04-09 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
htmltools 0.5.8.1 2024-04-04 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
kableExtra 1.4.0 2024-01-24 CRAN (R 4.4.0)
khroma 1.17.0 2025-09-29 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
knitcitations 1.0.12 2021-01-10 CRAN (R 4.4.0)
knitr 1.50 2025-03-16 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
lubridate 1.9.4 2024-12-08 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
pander 0.6.6 2025-03-01 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
purrr 1.1.0 2025-07-10 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
readr 2.1.5 2024-01-10 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
readxl 1.4.5 2025-03-07 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
reshape 0.8.10 2025-06-19 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
rmarkdown 2.29 2024-11-04 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
stringr 1.5.1 2023-11-14 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
tibble 3.3.0 2025-06-08 RSPM (R 4.4.0)
tidyr 1.3.1 2024-01-24 CRAN (R 4.4.1)
tidyverse 2.0.0 2023-02-22 CRAN (R 4.4.0)
usethis 3.2.0 2025-08-28 CRAN (R 4.4.2)

Full Session Info (including loaded but unattached packages — for troubleshooting only)

R version 4.4.2 (2024-10-31)

Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20

locale: C.UTF-8||C.UTF-8||C.UTF-8||C||C.UTF-8||C.UTF-8

attached base packages:

  • stats
  • graphics
  • grDevices
  • datasets
  • utils
  • methods
  • base

other attached packages:

  • khroma(v.1.17.0)
  • bibtex(v.0.5.1)
  • knitcitations(v.1.0.12)
  • pander(v.0.6.6)
  • devtools(v.2.4.5)
  • usethis(v.3.2.0)
  • htmltools(v.0.5.8.1)
  • reshape(v.0.8.10)
  • readxl(v.1.4.5)
  • kableExtra(v.1.4.0)
  • lubridate(v.1.9.4)
  • forcats(v.1.0.0)
  • stringr(v.1.5.1)
  • dplyr(v.1.1.4)
  • purrr(v.1.1.0)
  • readr(v.2.1.5)
  • tidyr(v.1.3.1)
  • tibble(v.3.3.0)
  • ggplot2(v.3.5.2)
  • tidyverse(v.2.0.0)
  • knitr(v.1.50)
  • rmarkdown(v.2.29)

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):

  • gtable(v.0.3.6)
  • xfun(v.0.53)
  • remotes(v.2.5.0)
  • htmlwidgets(v.1.6.4)
  • tzdb(v.0.5.0)
  • vctrs(v.0.6.5)
  • tools(v.4.4.2)
  • generics(v.0.1.4)
  • RefManageR(v.1.4.0)
  • pkgconfig(v.2.0.3)
  • RColorBrewer(v.1.1-3)
  • lifecycle(v.1.0.4)
  • compiler(v.4.4.2)
  • farver(v.2.1.2)
  • textshaping(v.1.0.1)
  • httpuv(v.1.6.16)
  • yaml(v.2.3.10)
  • urlchecker(v.1.0.1)
  • pillar(v.1.11.0)
  • later(v.1.4.4)
  • ellipsis(v.0.3.2)
  • cachem(v.1.1.0)
  • sessioninfo(v.1.2.3)
  • mime(v.0.13)
  • tidyselect(v.1.2.1)
  • digest(v.0.6.37)
  • stringi(v.1.8.7)
  • fastmap(v.1.2.0)
  • grid(v.4.4.2)
  • cli(v.3.6.5)
  • magrittr(v.2.0.3)
  • pkgbuild(v.1.4.8)
  • withr(v.3.0.2)
  • backports(v.1.5.0)
  • scales(v.1.4.0)
  • promises(v.1.3.3)
  • timechange(v.0.3.0)
  • httr(v.1.4.7)
  • cellranger(v.1.1.0)
  • hms(v.1.1.3)
  • memoise(v.2.0.1)
  • shiny(v.1.11.1)
  • evaluate(v.1.0.5)
  • miniUI(v.0.1.2)
  • viridisLite(v.0.4.2)
  • profvis(v.0.4.0)
  • rlang(v.1.1.6)
  • Rcpp(v.1.1.0)
  • xtable(v.1.8-4)
  • glue(v.1.8.0)
  • xml2(v.1.4.0)
  • renv(v.1.1.5)
  • pkgload(v.1.4.0)
  • svglite(v.2.2.2)
  • rstudioapi(v.0.17.1)
  • jsonlite(v.2.0.0)
  • R6(v.2.6.1)
  • plyr(v.1.8.9)
  • systemfonts(v.1.3.2)
  • fs(v.1.6.6)

References

(R Core Team, 2024) (Francois & Hernangómez, 2023) (Wickham et al., 2022) (Wickham et al., 2023) (Wickham, 2023a) (Wickham, Chang, et al., 2025) (Cheng et al., 2024) (Zhu, 2024) (Boettiger, 2021) (Xie, 2025) (Spinu et al., 2024) (Daróczi & Tsegelskyi, 2025) (Wickham & Henry, 2025) (Wickham, Hester, et al., 2024) (Wickham & Bryan, 2025) (Wickham, 2025) (Allaire et al., 2024) (Wickham, 2023b) (Müller & Wickham, 2025) (Wickham, Vaughan, et al., 2024) (Wickham, 2023c) (Wickham, Bryan, et al., 2025) (Wickham, 2016) (Xie, 2015) (Xie, 2014) (Grolemund & Wickham, 2011) (Wickham, 2007) (Xie et al., 2018) (Xie et al., 2020) (Wickham et al., 2019)
Agostini, M., Kreienkamp, J., Leander, N. P., & Stroebe, W. (2021). When Mass Shootings Fail to Change Minds about the Causes of Violence: How Gun Beliefs Shape Causal Attributions [OSF project: Protocol, materials, data, software]. https://osf.io/v8ndy/?view_only=14f53b9e0f0f44bc8c54a2b44d445631.
Allaire, J., Xie, Y., Dervieux, C., McPherson, J., Luraschi, J., Ushey, K., Atkins, A., Wickham, H., Cheng, J., Chang, W., & Iannone, R. (2024). Rmarkdown: Dynamic documents for r. https://github.com/rstudio/rmarkdown
Boettiger, C. (2021). Knitcitations: Citations for knitr markdown files. https://github.com/cboettig/knitcitations
Cheng, J., Sievert, C., Schloerke, B., Chang, W., Xie, Y., & Allen, J. (2024). Htmltools: Tools for HTML. https://github.com/rstudio/htmltools
Daróczi, G., & Tsegelskyi, R. (2025). Pander: An r pandoc writer. https://rapporter.github.io/pander/
Francois, R., & Hernangómez, D. (2023). Bibtex: Bibtex parser. https://github.com/ropensci/bibtex
Grolemund, G., & Wickham, H. (2011). Dates and times made easy with lubridate. Journal of Statistical Software, 40(3), 1–25. https://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/
Müller, K., & Wickham, H. (2025). Tibble: Simple data frames. https://tibble.tidyverse.org/
R Core Team. (2024). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Spinu, V., Grolemund, G., & Wickham, H. (2024). Lubridate: Make dealing with dates a little easier. https://lubridate.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H. (2007). Reshaping data with the reshape package. Journal of Statistical Software, 21(12). https://www.jstatsoft.org/v21/i12/
Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H. (2023a). Forcats: Tools for working with categorical variables (factors). https://forcats.tidyverse.org/
Wickham, H. (2023b). Stringr: Simple, consistent wrappers for common string operations. https://stringr.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H. (2023c). Tidyverse: Easily install and load the tidyverse. https://tidyverse.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H. (2025). Reshape: Flexibly reshape data. http://had.co.nz/reshape
Wickham, H., Averick, M., Bryan, J., Chang, W., McGowan, L. D., François, R., Grolemund, G., Hayes, A., Henry, L., Hester, J., Kuhn, M., Pedersen, T. L., Miller, E., Bache, S. M., Müller, K., Ooms, J., Robinson, D., Seidel, D. P., Spinu, V., … Yutani, H. (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software, 4(43), 1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686
Wickham, H., & Bryan, J. (2025). Readxl: Read excel files. https://readxl.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H., Bryan, J., Barrett, M., & Teucher, A. (2025). Usethis: Automate package and project setup. https://usethis.r-lib.org
Wickham, H., Chang, W., Henry, L., Pedersen, T. L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., Woo, K., Yutani, H., Dunnington, D., & van den Brand, T. (2025). ggplot2: Create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L., Müller, K., & Vaughan, D. (2023). Dplyr: A grammar of data manipulation. https://dplyr.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H., & Henry, L. (2025). Purrr: Functional programming tools. https://purrr.tidyverse.org/
Wickham, H., Hester, J., & Bryan, J. (2024). Readr: Read rectangular text data. https://readr.tidyverse.org
Wickham, H., Hester, J., Chang, W., & Bryan, J. (2022). Devtools: Tools to make developing r packages easier. https://devtools.r-lib.org/
Wickham, H., Vaughan, D., & Girlich, M. (2024). Tidyr: Tidy messy data. https://tidyr.tidyverse.org
Xie, Y. (2014). Knitr: A comprehensive tool for reproducible research in R. In V. Stodden, F. Leisch, & R. D. Peng (Eds.), Implementing reproducible computational research. Chapman; Hall/CRC.
Xie, Y. (2015). Dynamic documents with R and knitr (2nd ed.). Chapman; Hall/CRC. https://yihui.org/knitr/
Xie, Y. (2025). Knitr: A general-purpose package for dynamic report generation in r. https://yihui.org/knitr/
Xie, Y., Allaire, J. J., & Grolemund, G. (2018). R markdown: The definitive guide. Chapman; Hall/CRC. https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown
Xie, Y., Dervieux, C., & Riederer, E. (2020). R markdown cookbook. Chapman; Hall/CRC. https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown-cookbook
Zhu, H. (2024). kableExtra: Construct complex table with kable and pipe syntax. http://haozhu233.github.io/kableExtra/