7h. Annex tables (A1–A10)

Overview

This page assembles the annex tables of the policy report (A1–A10). It reuses CSVs that already exist in outputs/tables/ wherever possible; otherwise it rejoins / re-pivots them into print-ready form and writes the result to outputs/policy_report/tables/. The LaTeX build later picks each annex up from there.

ID Annex name Source CSV(s) Status
A1 Construct reference card rendered in 7b Embedded
A2 Short DisInforMeter item wording rendered in 7b Embedded
A3 Sample composition by country A-03_sample_composition_country.{html,tex} Embedded
A4 Reliability and AVE by construct and study A-04_reliability_ave.{html,tex} Embedded
A5 Invariance ladders A-05_invariance_ladders.{html,tex} Embedded
A6 Full structural path estimates A-06_structural_paths.{html,tex} Embedded
A7 Full external anchor correlations A-07_anchor_correlations.{html,tex} Embedded
A8 S5 preregistered hypothesis verdicts A-08_s5_verdicts.{html,tex} Embedded
A9 FIMI variant intercorrelations and reliability A-09_fimi_variant_diagnostics{,_correlations,_reliability}.{html,tex} Embedded
A10 Glossary A-10_glossary.{html,tex} Embedded

Design source: docs/reports/2026-05-21_policy-report-content/02_figures-and-tables-spec.md annex section.

A3 — Sample composition by country

Table 1: Annex C — S4 sample composition by country.
Annex C — S4 sample composition by country
Per-country N, age distribution, gender, education, and daily-media use. Cluster column matches the four-cluster grouping used in the radar figures (F-16, F-22..F-28).
Country Cluster N Age (mean, SD, range) Gender Education Daily media use
Austria Western 599 M = 45.6 (SD = 16.5) [24, 67] F 51.8% / M 47.9% Tertiary 28.2% / Vocational 42.9% / Lower 28.9% 7.7%
Belgium Western 595 M = 46.4 (SD = 15.7) [24, 67] F 48.9% / M 51.1% Tertiary 45.0% / Vocational 13.8% / Lower 41.2% 10.4%
Bulgaria Central-East 592 M = 43.8 (SD = 15.1) [24, 67] F 54.2% / M 45.8% Tertiary 44.8% / Vocational 22.3% / Lower 32.9% 8.6%
Germany Western 598 M = 45.8 (SD = 15.8) [24, 67] F 50.0% / M 50.0% Tertiary 36.6% / Vocational 46.3% / Lower 17.1% 8.9%
Estonia Baltic 604 M = 47.1 (SD = 15.9) [24, 67] F 54.3% / M 45.4% Tertiary 37.1% / Vocational 19.7% / Lower 43.2% 4.8%
France Western 596 M = 46.0 (SD = 15.4) [24, 67] F 48.7% / M 51.0% Tertiary 40.8% / Vocational 26.5% / Lower 32.7% 6.0%
Hungary Central-East 599 M = 44.0 (SD = 15.4) [24, 67] F 52.3% / M 47.7% Tertiary 23.9% / Vocational 25.5% / Lower 50.6% 5.8%
Italy Southern 606 M = 48.6 (SD = 15.0) [24, 67] F 46.4% / M 53.6% Tertiary 36.0% / Vocational 13.7% / Lower 50.3% 11.2%
Lithuania Baltic 593 M = 48.1 (SD = 15.9) [24, 67] F 55.1% / M 44.2% Tertiary 50.1% / Vocational 27.5% / Lower 22.4% 7.4%
Latvia Baltic 596 M = 47.9 (SD = 16.0) [24, 67] F 55.7% / M 44.0% Tertiary 38.3% / Vocational 34.7% / Lower 27.0% 3.2%
Poland Central-East 600 M = 42.6 (SD = 15.3) [24, 67] F 53.5% / M 46.3% Tertiary 31.5% / Vocational 10.7% / Lower 57.8% 11.2%
Serbia Southern 606 M = 43.5 (SD = 11.6) [24, 67] F 67.7% / M 32.3% Tertiary 52.6% / Vocational 13.9% / Lower 33.5% 7.6%
Turkey Southern 599 M = 41.8 (SD = 14.6) [24, 67] F 47.2% / M 52.8% Tertiary 56.1% / Vocational 20.0% / Lower 23.9% 27.4%
Source: outputs/policy_report/tables/s4_sample_composition_by_country.csv. N = 7,783. Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-03_sample_composition_country.R.

A4 — Reliability and AVE by construct and study

Table 2: Annex D.1 — Reliability and AVE by construct and study.
Annex D.1 — Reliability and AVE by construct and study
Per (study × construct) row: number of items, sample size, Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω, average variance extracted (AVE), and the construct’s mean / SD on the response scale.
Study Construct #items N α ω AVE Mean SD
S2 ABAND 3 582 0.796 0.798 0.565 3.80 1.67
S3 ABAND 3 782 0.819 0.822 0.597 3.72 1.73
S4 ABAND 3 8,040 0.757 0.761 0.510 4.43 1.55
S5 ABAND 8 248 0.870 0.872 0.364 3.11 1.19
S1 FEAR 2 681 0.793 0.795 0.659 4.03 2.05
S5 FEAR 6 248 0.834 0.839 0.525 4.50 1.34
S1 FIMI 15 681 0.930 0.932 0.478 2.72 1.42
S2 FIMI 8 582 0.779 0.786 0.319 5.22 1.11
S3 FIMI 8 782 0.548 0.559 0.144 4.64 0.89
S4 FIMI 8 8,040 0.690 0.694 0.226 4.86 0.99
S4 GEN 5 8,040 0.627 0.649 0.311 4.05 1.16
S5 GEN 8 248 0.570 0.656 0.278 3.16 0.78
S2 SUPF 3 582 0.939 0.940 0.841 1.92 1.53
S3 SUPF 3 782 0.875 0.896 0.764 2.36 1.63
S1 THREAT 2 681 0.802 0.802 0.669 3.91 2.08
S2 THREAT 3 582 0.729 0.739 0.471 4.05 1.63
S3 THREAT 3 782 0.753 0.759 0.519 3.35 1.67
S4 THREAT 2 8,040 0.531 0.536 0.386 4.40 1.65
S5 THREAT 12 248 0.847 0.850 0.318 3.49 1.15
Source: outputs/tables/scale_diagnostics_s1_s5.csv. N = 10,085. Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-04_reliability_ave.R.

A5 — Invariance ladders

Table 3: Annex D.2 — Measurement-invariance ladders.
Annex D.2 — Invariance ladders across S4 countries, S4 languages, S2-S3-S5 pooled, and the S2 ↔︎ S5 temporal contrast
Configural → metric → scalar steps with ΔCFI and ΔRMSEA versus the previous step. ✓ = ΔCFI ≥ -0.010 (Cheung & Rensvold); ✗ = fails the threshold; — = baseline or test does not apply.
Ladder Construct Step CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR ΔCFI ΔRMSEA Passes
S4 country-level (full SEM, 13 countries) NA configural 0.807 0.760 0.133 0.138 — — ✓
S4 country-level (full SEM, 13 countries) NA metric 0.798 0.768 0.131 0.149 −0.010 −0.002 ✓
S4 country-level (full SEM, 13 countries) NA scalar 0.772 0.758 0.134 0.152 −0.026 0.003 ✗
S4 language-level (14 survey languages) NA configural 0.807 0.759 0.133 0.138 — — ✓
S4 language-level (14 survey languages) NA metric 0.796 0.765 0.131 0.149 −0.011 −0.002 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order ABAND configural -> metric — — — — −0.005 −0.024 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order ABAND metric -> scalar — — — — −0.019 −0.011 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order ABAND optimized configural -> optimized metric — — — — 0.000 −0.044 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order FEAR configural -> metric — — — — −0.064 −0.027 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order FEAR metric -> scalar — — — — 0.058 −0.068 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order FEAR optimized configural -> optimized metric — — — — −0.004 −0.026 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order GEN configural -> metric — — — — 0.103 −0.062 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order GEN metric -> scalar — — — — −0.036 −0.012 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order GEN optimized configural -> optimized metric — — — — −0.002 −0.095 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order SUPF configural -> metric — — — — −0.013 −0.024 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order SUPF metric -> scalar — — — — −0.023 −0.012 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order SUPF optimized configural -> optimized metric — — — — −0.007 −0.138 ✓
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order THREAT configural -> metric — — — — −0.045 0.000 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order THREAT metric -> scalar — — — — −0.036 −0.002 ✗
S2-S3-S5 pooled higher-order THREAT optimized configural -> optimized metric — — — — −0.001 0.007 ✓
S2 ↔︎ S5 Lithuania temporal NA configural 0.849 0.774 0.138 0.116 — — —
S2 ↔︎ S5 Lithuania temporal NA metric 0.844 0.792 0.132 0.121 −0.005 −0.006 —
S2 ↔︎ S5 Lithuania temporal NA scalar 0.790 0.748 0.146 0.136 −0.055 0.014 —
Source: outputs/tables/s4_country_invariance.csv, outputs/tables/s4_language_invariance.csv, outputs/tables/higher_order_pooled_invariance_ladder_s2_s3_s5.csv, outputs/tables/s5_s2_invariance.csv. Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-05_invariance_ladders.R.

A6 — Full structural path estimates

Table 4: Annex E.1 — Full structural path estimates.
Annex E.1 — Full structural path estimates
Standardised β coefficients from each higher-order DisInforMeter composite to each FIMI operationalisation. Per-study rows come from the canonical COMP family of prediction models (same filter as F-18); S4 rows reflect the overall structural model. ✓ marks paths with p < .05.
Study FIMI version Predictor β (std) SE z p CI lower CI upper Sig Block
S1 Chinese FIMI ABAND 0.073 0.060 1.311 0.1899 −0.039 0.198 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Chinese FIMI FEAR 0.163 0.086 2.061 0.0393 0.009 0.344 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Chinese FIMI SUPF 0.133 0.089 1.607 0.1080 −0.031 0.318 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Chinese FIMI THREAT 0.079 0.100 0.860 0.3898 −0.109 0.281 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Full FIMI ABAND 0.100 0.057 1.883 0.0597 −0.004 0.220 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Full FIMI FEAR 0.142 0.080 1.916 0.0554 −0.004 0.309 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Full FIMI SUPF 0.133 0.079 1.801 0.0717 −0.013 0.298 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Full FIMI THREAT 0.071 0.092 0.823 0.4107 −0.105 0.256 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Russian FIMI ABAND 0.109 0.058 2.027 0.0426 0.004 0.232 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Russian FIMI FEAR 0.134 0.081 1.781 0.0748 −0.014 0.303 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Russian FIMI SUPF 0.139 0.080 1.882 0.0598 −0.006 0.306 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Russian FIMI THREAT 0.066 0.094 0.754 0.4508 −0.113 0.254 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Short FIMI ABAND 0.071 0.060 1.269 0.2043 −0.041 0.192 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Short FIMI FEAR 0.167 0.086 2.081 0.0375 0.010 0.348 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Short FIMI SUPF 0.111 0.085 1.396 0.1628 −0.048 0.286 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S1 Short FIMI THREAT 0.079 0.098 0.863 0.3880 −0.108 0.278 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Chinese FIMI ABAND −0.245 0.160 −1.569 0.1166 −0.563 0.062 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Chinese FIMI FEAR −0.139 0.073 −1.935 0.0530 −0.285 0.002 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Chinese FIMI GEN −0.020 0.121 −0.170 0.8649 −0.257 0.216 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Chinese FIMI SUPF 0.041 0.105 0.398 0.6905 −0.164 0.248 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Chinese FIMI THREAT 0.299 0.157 1.943 0.0520 −0.003 0.612 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Full FIMI ABAND −0.194 0.143 −1.422 0.1551 −0.484 0.077 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Full FIMI FEAR −0.211 0.074 −2.988 0.0028 −0.366 −0.076 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Full FIMI GEN 0.196 0.115 1.780 0.0751 −0.021 0.430 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Full FIMI SUPF −0.135 0.083 −1.696 0.0899 −0.305 0.022 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Full FIMI THREAT 0.173 0.131 1.383 0.1666 −0.075 0.437 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Russian FIMI ABAND −0.127 0.142 −0.951 0.3415 −0.412 0.143 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Russian FIMI FEAR −0.197 0.070 −2.993 0.0028 −0.345 −0.072 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Russian FIMI GEN 0.168 0.099 1.793 0.0730 −0.017 0.372 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Russian FIMI SUPF −0.217 0.080 −2.869 0.0041 −0.387 −0.073 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Russian FIMI THREAT 0.099 0.128 0.817 0.4139 −0.147 0.357 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Short FIMI ABAND −0.246 0.162 −1.594 0.1109 −0.575 0.059 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Short FIMI FEAR −0.242 0.087 −2.897 0.0038 −0.425 −0.082 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Short FIMI GEN 0.197 0.147 1.400 0.1614 −0.083 0.495 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Short FIMI SUPF −0.084 0.098 −0.897 0.3695 −0.280 0.104 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S2 Short FIMI THREAT 0.251 0.149 1.766 0.0774 −0.029 0.555 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Chinese FIMI ABAND 0.434 0.449 0.985 0.3248 −0.438 1.321 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Chinese FIMI FEAR −0.156 0.175 −0.906 0.3647 −0.501 0.184 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Chinese FIMI GEN 0.188 0.211 0.904 0.3659 −0.223 0.605 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Chinese FIMI SUPF −0.092 0.122 −0.770 0.4416 −0.333 0.145 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Chinese FIMI THREAT −0.479 0.488 −0.999 0.3176 −1.445 0.469 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Full FIMI ABAND −0.260 0.415 −0.633 0.5269 −1.077 0.551 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Full FIMI FEAR 0.147 0.198 0.753 0.4516 −0.239 0.537 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Full FIMI GEN −0.057 0.245 −0.236 0.8136 −0.538 0.423 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Full FIMI SUPF −0.118 0.169 −0.704 0.4816 −0.451 0.212 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Full FIMI THREAT 0.185 0.376 0.497 0.6194 −0.551 0.925 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Russian FIMI ABAND −0.163 0.446 −0.369 0.7118 −1.038 0.709 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Russian FIMI FEAR 0.136 0.224 0.614 0.5391 −0.301 0.576 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Russian FIMI GEN −0.020 0.284 −0.071 0.9431 −0.577 0.536 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Russian FIMI SUPF −0.155 0.195 −0.809 0.4187 −0.539 0.224 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Russian FIMI THREAT 0.104 0.400 0.262 0.7930 −0.680 0.890 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Short FIMI ABAND −0.689 0.561 −1.284 0.1991 −1.821 0.380 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Short FIMI FEAR 0.404 0.254 1.660 0.0970 −0.076 0.921 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Short FIMI GEN −0.093 0.297 −0.327 0.7436 −0.679 0.484 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Short FIMI SUPF −0.182 0.195 −0.975 0.3298 −0.572 0.192 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S3 Short FIMI THREAT 0.548 0.494 1.163 0.2450 −0.394 1.541 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Chinese FIMI ABAND 0.023 0.166 0.140 0.8887 −0.302 0.348 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Chinese FIMI FEAR 0.137 0.030 4.641 0.0000 0.080 0.198 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Chinese FIMI GEN −0.066 0.044 −1.507 0.1317 −0.154 0.020 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Chinese FIMI SUPF 0.053 0.045 1.206 0.2278 −0.034 0.142 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Chinese FIMI THREAT 0.027 0.184 0.148 0.8820 −0.333 0.388 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Full FIMI ABAND −0.277 0.152 −1.901 0.0573 −0.587 0.009 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Full FIMI FEAR 0.173 0.026 7.023 0.0000 0.130 0.231 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Full FIMI GEN −0.068 0.036 −1.967 0.0491 −0.141 0.000 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Full FIMI SUPF −0.134 0.038 −3.667 0.0002 −0.214 −0.065 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Full FIMI THREAT 0.317 0.169 1.960 0.0500 0.000 0.661 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Russian FIMI ABAND −0.317 0.159 −2.111 0.0348 −0.647 −0.024 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Russian FIMI FEAR 0.186 0.027 7.360 0.0000 0.144 0.249 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Russian FIMI GEN −0.055 0.037 −1.571 0.1162 −0.131 0.014 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Russian FIMI SUPF −0.191 0.039 −5.182 0.0000 −0.278 −0.126 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Russian FIMI THREAT 0.323 0.176 1.938 0.0526 −0.004 0.686 Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Short FIMI ABAND −0.358 0.182 −2.051 0.0403 −0.731 −0.017 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Short FIMI FEAR 0.158 0.030 5.475 0.0000 0.106 0.225 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Short FIMI GEN −0.088 0.042 −2.187 0.0288 −0.174 −0.010 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Short FIMI SUPF −0.130 0.044 −3.077 0.0021 −0.223 −0.050 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Short FIMI THREAT 0.415 0.203 2.141 0.0323 0.037 0.831 ✓ Per-study prediction (COMP family)
S4 Chinese-origin FIMI (3 items) ABAND 0.027 0.165 0.165 0.8689 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Chinese-origin FIMI (3 items) FEAR 0.139 0.030 4.693 0.0000 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Chinese-origin FIMI (3 items) GEN −0.052 0.054 −0.979 0.3274 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Chinese-origin FIMI (3 items) SUPF 0.054 0.053 1.040 0.2986 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Chinese-origin FIMI (3 items) SUPFCH −0.015 0.033 −0.452 0.6510 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Chinese-origin FIMI (3 items) THREAT 0.022 0.183 0.122 0.9031 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Full FIMI (8 items) ABAND −0.275 0.152 −1.890 0.0587 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Full FIMI (8 items) FEAR 0.172 0.026 6.949 0.0000 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Full FIMI (8 items) GEN −0.070 0.044 −1.661 0.0967 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Full FIMI (8 items) SUPF −0.164 0.044 −3.920 0.0001 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Full FIMI (8 items) SUPFCH 0.044 0.026 1.782 0.0748 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Full FIMI (8 items) THREAT 0.316 0.168 1.961 0.0499 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Russian-origin FIMI (5 items) ABAND −0.317 0.159 −2.110 0.0348 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Russian-origin FIMI (5 items) FEAR 0.184 0.027 7.228 0.0000 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Russian-origin FIMI (5 items) GEN −0.060 0.045 −1.408 0.1591 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Russian-origin FIMI (5 items) SUPF −0.232 0.045 −5.469 0.0000 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Russian-origin FIMI (5 items) SUPFCH 0.061 0.027 2.382 0.0172 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Russian-origin FIMI (5 items) THREAT 0.324 0.176 1.949 0.0513 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Short FIMI (4 items) ABAND −0.353 0.181 −2.034 0.0420 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Short FIMI (4 items) FEAR 0.158 0.030 5.441 0.0000 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Short FIMI (4 items) GEN −0.093 0.051 −1.892 0.0585 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Short FIMI (4 items) SUPF −0.149 0.051 −3.046 0.0023 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
S4 Short FIMI (4 items) SUPFCH 0.031 0.031 1.057 0.2904 — — S4 overall structural
S4 Short FIMI (4 items) THREAT 0.411 0.201 2.137 0.0326 — — ✓ S4 overall structural
Source: outputs/tables/fimi_prediction_paths.csv (COMP family) plus outputs/tables/s4_fimi_paths.csv. Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-06_structural_paths.R.

A7 — Full external anchor correlations

Table 5: Annex E.2 — Full external-anchor correlations.
Annex E.2 — Full external anchor correlations
Pearson correlations between DisInforMeter constructs and external civic anchors (Eurobarometer-style indicators). Significance asterisks reflect the FDR-adjusted p (Benjamini–Hochberg): * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
Predictor Anchor Family N r (pooled) p (FDR)
ABAND Institutional trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.410 0.0000 ***
ABAND External political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.283 0.0000 ***
ABAND Life satisfaction Civic / political 8,040 −0.253 0.0000 ***
ABAND EU support Civic / political 8,040 −0.197 0.0000 ***
ABAND Religiosity Civic / political 8,040 0.164 0.0000 ***
ABAND Generalised social trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.153 0.0000 ***
ABAND Democracy importance Civic / political 8,040 −0.059 0.0000 ***
ABAND Political interest Civic / political 8,040 0.017 0.7077
ABAND Internal political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.008 0.0108 *
ABAND Left-right self-placement Civic / political 8,040 0.007 0.0013 **
FEAR Democracy importance Civic / political 8,040 0.151 0.0000 ***
FEAR Religiosity Civic / political 8,040 0.111 0.0000 ***
FEAR External political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.071 0.0000 ***
FEAR Internal political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.067 0.0000 ***
FEAR Left-right self-placement Civic / political 8,040 0.054 0.0000 ***
FEAR EU support Civic / political 8,040 −0.039 0.0010 **
FEAR Life satisfaction Civic / political 8,040 −0.033 0.0009 ***
FEAR Political interest Civic / political 8,040 −0.033 0.0020 **
FEAR Generalised social trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.030 0.0158 *
FEAR Institutional trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.005 0.8823
GEN Institutional trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.228 0.0000 ***
GEN Religiosity Civic / political 8,040 0.215 0.0000 ***
GEN EU support Civic / political 8,040 −0.152 0.0000 ***
GEN External political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.125 0.0000 ***
GEN Life satisfaction Civic / political 8,040 −0.083 0.0000 ***
GEN Democracy importance Civic / political 8,040 −0.062 0.0000 ***
GEN Internal political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 0.058 0.0001 ***
GEN Left-right self-placement Civic / political 8,040 0.056 0.0000 ***
GEN Generalised social trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.036 0.8853
GEN Political interest Civic / political 8,040 −0.018 0.0089 **
SUPF Religiosity Civic / political 8,040 0.276 0.0000 ***
SUPF Democracy importance Civic / political 8,040 −0.246 0.0000 ***
SUPF Internal political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 0.155 0.0000 ***
SUPF EU support Civic / political 8,040 −0.135 0.0000 ***
SUPF Institutional trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.126 0.0026 **
SUPF Left-right self-placement Civic / political 8,040 0.122 0.0000 ***
SUPF Generalised social trust Civic / political 8,040 0.095 0.0000 ***
SUPF Life satisfaction Civic / political 8,040 −0.023 0.0003 ***
SUPF External political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 0.023 0.0000 ***
SUPF Political interest Civic / political 8,040 −0.007 0.1045
SUPFCH Religiosity Civic / political 8,040 0.225 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Internal political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 0.179 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Democracy importance Civic / political 8,040 −0.165 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Generalised social trust Civic / political 8,040 0.141 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Left-right self-placement Civic / political 8,040 0.101 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Political interest Civic / political 8,040 −0.075 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH External political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 0.070 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH EU support Civic / political 8,040 −0.034 0.1677
SUPFCH Life satisfaction Civic / political 8,040 0.013 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Institutional trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.006 0.0000 ***
THREAT Institutional trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.272 0.0000 ***
THREAT EU support Civic / political 8,040 −0.247 0.0000 ***
THREAT Left-right self-placement Civic / political 8,040 0.229 0.0000 ***
THREAT Religiosity Civic / political 8,040 0.221 0.0000 ***
THREAT External political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.156 0.0000 ***
THREAT Generalised social trust Civic / political 8,040 −0.127 0.0000 ***
THREAT Life satisfaction Civic / political 8,040 −0.115 0.0000 ***
THREAT Political interest Civic / political 8,040 −0.031 0.0001 ***
THREAT Democracy importance Civic / political 8,040 −0.020 0.0676
THREAT Internal political efficacy Civic / political 8,040 −0.018 0.0895
ABAND Foreign-actor topic salience Misinformation 8,040 0.330 0.0000 ***
ABAND Perceived misinfo creators Misinformation 8,040 0.327 0.0000 ***
ABAND Perceived misinfo impact Misinformation 8,040 0.177 0.0000 ***
ABAND Misinfo seen as political Misinformation 8,040 0.116 0.0000 ***
ABAND Responsibility for prevention Misinformation 8,040 0.094 0.0000 ***
ABAND Confidence detecting misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.042 0.0003 ***
ABAND Pro-regulation of misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.013 0.5842
FEAR Responsibility for prevention Misinformation 8,040 0.276 0.0000 ***
FEAR Perceived misinfo impact Misinformation 8,040 0.255 0.0000 ***
FEAR Perceived misinfo creators Misinformation 8,040 0.206 0.0000 ***
FEAR Pro-regulation of misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.194 0.0000 ***
FEAR Foreign-actor topic salience Misinformation 8,040 0.176 0.0000 ***
FEAR Misinfo seen as political Misinformation 8,040 0.106 0.0000 ***
FEAR Confidence detecting misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.045 0.0002 ***
GEN Foreign-actor topic salience Misinformation 8,040 0.309 0.0000 ***
GEN Perceived misinfo creators Misinformation 8,040 0.299 0.0000 ***
GEN Perceived misinfo impact Misinformation 8,040 0.201 0.0000 ***
GEN Misinfo seen as political Misinformation 8,040 0.103 0.0000 ***
GEN Responsibility for prevention Misinformation 8,040 0.085 0.0000 ***
GEN Confidence detecting misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.074 0.0000 ***
GEN Pro-regulation of misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.036 0.0034 **
SUPF Foreign-actor topic salience Misinformation 8,040 0.191 0.0000 ***
SUPF Responsibility for prevention Misinformation 8,040 −0.107 0.0000 ***
SUPF Perceived misinfo creators Misinformation 8,040 0.090 0.0000 ***
SUPF Pro-regulation of misinfo Misinformation 8,040 −0.084 0.0000 ***
SUPF Perceived misinfo impact Misinformation 8,040 0.037 0.0000 ***
SUPF Misinfo seen as political Misinformation 8,040 −0.019 0.0616
SUPF Confidence detecting misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.017 0.0302 *
SUPFCH Foreign-actor topic salience Misinformation 8,040 0.159 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Perceived misinfo creators Misinformation 8,040 0.088 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Perceived misinfo impact Misinformation 8,040 0.077 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Confidence detecting misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.043 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Responsibility for prevention Misinformation 8,040 −0.040 0.0010 ***
SUPFCH Pro-regulation of misinfo Misinformation 8,040 −0.040 0.0001 ***
SUPFCH Misinfo seen as political Misinformation 8,040 0.016 0.1649
THREAT Perceived misinfo creators Misinformation 8,040 0.321 0.0000 ***
THREAT Foreign-actor topic salience Misinformation 8,040 0.304 0.0000 ***
THREAT Perceived misinfo impact Misinformation 8,040 0.187 0.0000 ***
THREAT Responsibility for prevention Misinformation 8,040 0.140 0.0000 ***
THREAT Misinfo seen as political Misinformation 8,040 0.134 0.0000 ***
THREAT Confidence detecting misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.047 0.0002 ***
THREAT Pro-regulation of misinfo Misinformation 8,040 0.045 0.0001 ***
ABAND Frequency of seeing manipulated news Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.256 0.0000 ***
ABAND Non-electoral participation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.112 0.0000 ***
ABAND Voted in last national election Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 7,912 −0.080 0.0000 ***
ABAND Reactions to suspected misinformation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.023 0.2989
FEAR Frequency of seeing manipulated news Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.104 0.0000 ***
FEAR Reactions to suspected misinformation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.058 0.0000 ***
FEAR Voted in last national election Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 7,912 0.034 0.0024 **
FEAR Non-electoral participation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.023 0.0820
GEN Frequency of seeing manipulated news Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.245 0.0000 ***
GEN Non-electoral participation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.094 0.0000 ***
GEN Voted in last national election Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 7,912 −0.056 0.0004 ***
GEN Reactions to suspected misinformation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.036 0.0019 **
SUPF Frequency of seeing manipulated news Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.159 0.0000 ***
SUPF Voted in last national election Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 7,912 −0.088 0.0000 ***
SUPF Non-electoral participation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.066 0.0002 ***
SUPF Reactions to suspected misinformation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.040 0.0007 ***
SUPFCH Frequency of seeing manipulated news Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.164 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Non-electoral participation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.068 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Voted in last national election Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 7,912 −0.045 0.0435 *
SUPFCH Reactions to suspected misinformation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.001 0.9165
THREAT Frequency of seeing manipulated news Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.245 0.0000 ***
THREAT Voted in last national election Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 7,912 −0.024 0.0759
THREAT Reactions to suspected misinformation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 0.022 0.6356
THREAT Non-electoral participation (count) Prereg #8 behavioural / participation 8,040 −0.019 0.0045 **
ABAND Belief others try to be fair Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.164 0.0000 ***
ABAND Belief others try to be helpful Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.132 0.0000 ***
FEAR Belief others try to be fair Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.034 0.0105 *
FEAR Belief others try to be helpful Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.031 0.0183 *
GEN Belief others try to be fair Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.069 0.0106 *
GEN Belief others try to be helpful Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.036 0.5716
SUPF Belief others try to be helpful Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 0.085 0.0000 ***
SUPF Belief others try to be fair Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 0.026 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Belief others try to be helpful Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 0.120 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH Belief others try to be fair Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 0.069 0.0000 ***
THREAT Belief others try to be fair Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.140 0.0000 ***
THREAT Belief others try to be helpful Prereg #8 convergent fairness / helpfulness 8,040 −0.100 0.0000 ***
ABAND News use — social media / podcasts Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.222 0.0000 ***
ABAND News use — messaging apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.181 0.0000 ***
ABAND News use — aggregate Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.129 0.0000 ***
ABAND News use — TV / radio Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 −0.053 0.0000 ***
ABAND News use — print Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.028 0.0075 **
ABAND News use — online news / apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.004 0.6165
FEAR News use — aggregate Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.195 0.0000 ***
FEAR News use — TV / radio Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.171 0.0000 ***
FEAR News use — messaging apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.134 0.0000 ***
FEAR News use — social media / podcasts Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.105 0.0000 ***
FEAR News use — online news / apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.102 0.0000 ***
FEAR News use — print Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.098 0.0000 ***
GEN News use — social media / podcasts Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.222 0.0000 ***
GEN News use — messaging apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.179 0.0000 ***
GEN News use — aggregate Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.145 0.0000 ***
GEN News use — print Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.050 0.0000 ***
GEN News use — TV / radio Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 −0.045 0.0000 ***
GEN News use — online news / apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.026 0.0008 ***
SUPF News use — social media / podcasts Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.207 0.0000 ***
SUPF News use — messaging apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.201 0.0000 ***
SUPF News use — aggregate Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.135 0.0000 ***
SUPF News use — print Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.108 0.0000 ***
SUPF News use — TV / radio Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 −0.081 0.0000 ***
SUPF News use — online news / apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 −0.035 0.0738
SUPFCH News use — messaging apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.198 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH News use — social media / podcasts Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.185 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH News use — aggregate Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.163 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH News use — print Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.113 0.0000 ***
SUPFCH News use — TV / radio Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 −0.036 0.0007 ***
SUPFCH News use — online news / apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.033 0.0000 ***
THREAT News use — aggregate Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.144 0.0000 ***
THREAT News use — messaging apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.141 0.0000 ***
THREAT News use — social media / podcasts Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.118 0.0000 ***
THREAT News use — TV / radio Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.076 0.0000 ***
THREAT News use — print Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.076 0.0000 ***
THREAT News use — online news / apps Prereg #8 media-channel use 8,040 0.030 0.0086 **
Source: outputs/tables/s4_external_anchor_correlations.csv (pooled r, FDR-adjusted p, ranked by |r|). N = 8,040. Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-07_anchor_correlations.R.

A8 — S5 preregistered hypothesis verdicts

Table 6: Annex E.3 — S5 preregistered hypothesis verdicts.
Annex E.3 — S5 preregistered hypothesis verdicts
Each row is a preregistered convergent / discriminant test between a DisInforMeter construct and an external validation instrument. Verdicts are computed from observed r, the two one-sided tests (TOST) for equivalence, and the preregistered region of practical equivalence.
Construct Validation instrument Hypothesised sign N r 95 % CI p (two-sided) Verdict
Abandoned [general] Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.42 [-0.52, -0.31] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned [general] Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.42 [-0.52, -0.31] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned [general] Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.31 [0.19, 0.42] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned [general] Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.29 [0.17, 0.40] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned [general] Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) + 247 0.11 [-0.01, 0.24] 0.0723 confirmed
Abandoned [general] feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.31 [-0.42, -0.19] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned [general] feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.35 [-0.46, -0.24] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned by media (censorship) Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ; 5-item) + 248 0.45 [0.35, 0.55] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned by media (censorship) Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.40 [-0.50, -0.28] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned by media (censorship) Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.27 [0.15, 0.38] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned by media (censorship) Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.21 [0.09, 0.33] 0.0007 confirmed
Abandoned by media (censorship) Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.12 [-0.00, 0.25] 0.0501 equivalence_supported
Abandoned by media (censorship) Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 0.01 [-0.11, 0.14] 0.8495 equivalence_supported
Abandoned by own state Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.41 [-0.51, -0.30] 0.0000 confirmed
Abandoned by own state Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.12 [-0.01, 0.24] 0.0612 confirmed
Abandoned by own state Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.07 [-0.06, 0.19] 0.2880 equivalence_supported
Abandoned by own state Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 0.17 [0.05, 0.29] 0.0060 equivalence_inconclusive
Exploitation Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ; 5-item) + 248 0.38 [0.27, 0.48] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.25 [-0.36, -0.12] 0.0001 confirmed
Exploitation Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.16 [-0.28, -0.04] 0.0096 confirmed
Exploitation Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants + 248 0.42 [0.31, 0.52] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants + 248 0.41 [0.30, 0.51] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.43 [0.32, 0.52] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.29 [0.17, 0.40] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.22 [0.10, 0.33] 0.0006 confirmed
Exploitation Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.49 [0.39, 0.58] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.11 [-0.02, 0.23] 0.0859 equivalence_supported
Exploitation Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 0.09 [-0.03, 0.21] 0.1516 equivalence_supported
Exploitation feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.38 [-0.48, -0.26] 0.0000 confirmed
Exploitation feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.30 [-0.41, -0.19] 0.0000 confirmed
Fear [general] Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.07 [-0.20, 0.05] 0.2478 inconclusive
Fear [general] Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants 0 248 0.09 [-0.03, 0.21] 0.1482 equivalence_supported
Fear [general] Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT 0 248 0.12 [-0.00, 0.24] 0.0548 equivalence_supported
Fear [general] Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.10 [-0.02, 0.23] 0.1028 inconclusive
Fear [general] Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) + 247 0.26 [0.14, 0.37] 0.0000 confirmed
Fear [general] feeling thermometer - China u 247 0.01 [-0.12, 0.13] 0.9086 disconfirmed
Fear [general] feeling thermometer - Russia u 247 0.12 [-0.00, 0.24] 0.0573 disconfirmed
General Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.11 [-0.23, 0.02] 0.0964 confirmed
General Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.11 [-0.23, 0.01] 0.0743 confirmed
General Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.18 [-0.30, -0.06] 0.0040 confirmed
General Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.16 [-0.28, -0.04] 0.0094 confirmed
General Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.04 [-0.16, 0.09] 0.5398 inconclusive
General Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.13 [-0.25, -0.00] 0.0456 confirmed
General Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) + 247 0.10 [-0.03, 0.22] 0.1202 inconclusive
General feeling thermometer - China + 247 0.44 [0.33, 0.54] 0.0000 confirmed
General feeling thermometer - China + 247 0.34 [0.22, 0.44] 0.0000 confirmed
General feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.13 [-0.25, -0.00] 0.0416 confirmed
General feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.03 [-0.15, 0.10] 0.6620 inconclusive
General feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.17 [-0.29, -0.04] 0.0078 confirmed
General feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.12 [-0.24, 0.00] 0.0578 confirmed
General feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.34 [0.22, 0.44] 0.0000 confirmed
General feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.61 [0.53, 0.69] 0.0000 confirmed
Immigration Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.16 [-0.28, -0.04] 0.0092 confirmed
Immigration Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.07 [-0.20, 0.05] 0.2485 inconclusive
Immigration Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants + 248 0.75 [0.69, 0.80] 0.0000 confirmed
Immigration Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT 0 248 0.43 [0.32, 0.53] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Immigration Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.29 [0.17, 0.40] 0.0000 confirmed
Immigration Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.02 [-0.11, 0.14] 0.7717 equivalence_supported
Immigration Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 -0.04 [-0.17, 0.08] 0.5126 equivalence_supported
Poisonous ethnocentrism Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU + 248 -0.14 [-0.26, -0.02] 0.0280 disconfirmed
Poisonous ethnocentrism Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities + 248 -0.03 [-0.15, 0.10] 0.6623 disconfirmed
Poisonous ethnocentrism Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations + 248 -0.09 [-0.21, 0.03] 0.1470 disconfirmed
Poisonous ethnocentrism Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.40 [0.29, 0.50] 0.0000 confirmed
Poisonous ethnocentrism Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.12 [-0.00, 0.24] 0.0558 equivalence_supported
Poisonous ethnocentrism Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 -0.06 [-0.19, 0.06] 0.3153 equivalence_supported
Poisonous ethnocentrism feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.15 [-0.27, -0.03] 0.0170 confirmed
Poisonous ethnocentrism feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.06 [-0.19, 0.06] 0.3150 inconclusive
Pragmatism China Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.20 [-0.32, -0.08] 0.0017 confirmed
Pragmatism China Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.10 [-0.22, 0.03] 0.1256 inconclusive
Pragmatism China Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.21 [-0.33, -0.09] 0.0007 confirmed
Pragmatism China Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.12 [-0.24, 0.00] 0.0569 confirmed
Pragmatism China Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.02 [-0.14, 0.10] 0.7557 inconclusive
Pragmatism China Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.12 [-0.01, 0.24] 0.0619 confirmed
Pragmatism China Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.11 [-0.02, 0.23] 0.0885 equivalence_supported
Pragmatism China Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 -0.05 [-0.17, 0.08] 0.4436 equivalence_supported
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - China + 247 0.48 [0.38, 0.57] 0.0000 confirmed
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - China u 247 0.48 [0.38, 0.57] 0.0000 disconfirmed
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.34 [-0.45, -0.23] 0.0000 confirmed
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.11 [-0.23, 0.01] 0.0810 confirmed
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.32 [-0.42, -0.20] 0.0000 confirmed
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.13 [-0.25, -0.01] 0.0411 confirmed
Pragmatism China feeling thermometer - Russia 0 247 0.37 [0.26, 0.47] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.18 [-0.30, -0.06] 0.0040 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.10 [-0.22, 0.03] 0.1256 inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.19 [-0.30, -0.06] 0.0034 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.06 [-0.18, 0.07] 0.3659 inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.02 [-0.14, 0.10] 0.7557 inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants 0 248 0.18 [0.05, 0.30] 0.0050 equivalence_supported
Pragmatism Russia Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT 0 248 0.58 [0.49, 0.66] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.06 [-0.07, 0.18] 0.3573 inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.15 [0.03, 0.27] 0.0154 equivalence_inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 -0.07 [-0.19, 0.06] 0.2996 equivalence_supported
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - China 0 247 0.41 [0.30, 0.51] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.24 [-0.35, -0.11] 0.0002 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.11 [-0.23, 0.01] 0.0810 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.24 [-0.36, -0.12] 0.0001 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.13 [-0.25, -0.01] 0.0411 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.56 [0.47, 0.64] 0.0000 confirmed
Pragmatism Russia feeling thermometer - Russia u 247 0.56 [0.47, 0.64] 0.0000 confirmed
Queer Sentiment Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants 0 248 0.46 [0.36, 0.56] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Queer Sentiment Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.90 [0.87, 0.92] 0.0000 confirmed
Queer Sentiment Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.51 [0.42, 0.60] 0.0000 confirmed
Queer Sentiment Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.18 [0.06, 0.30] 0.0036 equivalence_inconclusive
Queer Sentiment Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 -0.13 [-0.25, -0.01] 0.0386 equivalence_inconclusive
Queer Sentiment feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.38 [0.27, 0.48] 0.0000 confirmed
Queer Sentiment feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.42 [0.31, 0.52] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority China Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants 0 248 0.12 [-0.01, 0.24] 0.0620 equivalence_supported
Superiority China Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.07 [-0.06, 0.19] 0.3055 inconclusive
Superiority China Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.04 [-0.08, 0.17] 0.5027 inconclusive
Superiority China Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.31 [0.19, 0.41] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority China Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.14 [0.01, 0.26] 0.0302 equivalence_inconclusive
Superiority China Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 0.00 [-0.12, 0.13] 0.9447 equivalence_supported
Superiority China feeling thermometer - China + 247 0.62 [0.53, 0.69] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority China feeling thermometer - Russia 0 247 0.39 [0.27, 0.49] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Superiority Russia Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ; 5-item) + 248 0.32 [0.20, 0.43] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority Russia Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.49 [0.39, 0.58] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority Russia Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.46 [0.36, 0.55] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority Russia Populist attitudes scale (Silva, 2017) + 248 0.05 [-0.07, 0.17] 0.4300 inconclusive
Superiority Russia Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.45 [0.34, 0.54] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority Russia Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 0.17 [0.05, 0.29] 0.0065 equivalence_inconclusive
Superiority Russia Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 -0.03 [-0.15, 0.10] 0.6766 equivalence_supported
Superiority Russia feeling thermometer - China 0 247 0.54 [0.44, 0.62] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Superiority Russia feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.24 [-0.36, -0.12] 0.0001 confirmed
Superiority Russia feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.13 [-0.25, -0.00] 0.0436 confirmed
Superiority Russia feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.64 [0.56, 0.71] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority [general] Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.31 [0.20, 0.42] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority [general] Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) + 248 0.19 [0.07, 0.31] 0.0028 confirmed
Superiority [general] feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.28 [-0.39, -0.16] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority [general] feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.30 [-0.41, -0.18] 0.0000 confirmed
Superiority [general] feeling thermometer - Russia + 247 0.62 [0.53, 0.69] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ; 5-item) 0 248 0.37 [0.25, 0.47] 0.0000 equivalence_inconclusive
Threat [general] Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants + 248 0.54 [0.44, 0.62] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - Immigrants + 248 0.59 [0.50, 0.66] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.62 [0.54, 0.69] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] Intergroup threat scale (ITT) - LQBT + 248 0.85 [0.81, 0.88] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) + 247 0.07 [-0.06, 0.19] 0.2812 inconclusive
Threat [general] feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.27 [-0.38, -0.15] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.26 [-0.37, -0.14] 0.0000 confirmed
Threat [general] feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.15 [-0.27, -0.03] 0.0186 confirmed
Threat [general] feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.28 [-0.39, -0.16] 0.0000 confirmed
Unprotected by international allies Institutional trust battery (ESS) - EU - 248 -0.32 [-0.43, -0.20] 0.0000 confirmed
Unprotected by international allies Institutional trust battery (ESS) - Local Authorities - 248 -0.32 [-0.42, -0.20] 0.0000 confirmed
Unprotected by international allies Institutional trust battery (ESS) - United Nations - 248 -0.27 [-0.39, -0.15] 0.0000 confirmed
Unprotected by international allies Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.09 [-0.04, 0.21] 0.1716 inconclusive
Unprotected by international allies Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA short scale) + 248 0.10 [-0.02, 0.22] 0.1072 inconclusive
Unprotected by international allies Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 248 -0.06 [-0.18, 0.07] 0.3572 equivalence_supported
Unprotected by international allies Trait affectivity (I‑PANAS‑SF) 0 247 0.17 [0.05, 0.29] 0.0077 equivalence_inconclusive
Unprotected by international allies feeling thermometer - EU - 248 -0.37 [-0.48, -0.26] 0.0000 confirmed
Unprotected by international allies feeling thermometer - NATO - 248 -0.34 [-0.45, -0.22] 0.0000 confirmed
Source: outputs/tables/s5_validation_results.csv. N = 248. Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-08_s5_verdicts.R.

A9 — FIMI variant intercorrelations and reliability

Table 7: Annex E.4 — FIMI variant intercorrelations and reliability (S2 / S4).
Annex E.4b — FIMI variant intercorrelations (S2, S4)
Pairwise Pearson r between FIMI operationalisations within each study.
Study Variant Full Russian Chinese Short
S2 Chinese 0.789 0.476 1.000 0.765
S2 Full 1.000 0.916 0.789 0.927
S2 Russian 0.916 1.000 0.476 0.827
S2 Short 0.927 0.827 0.765 1.000
S3 Chinese 0.729 0.303 1.000 0.699
S3 Full 1.000 0.873 0.729 0.860
S3 Russian 0.873 1.000 0.303 0.699
S3 Short 0.860 0.699 0.699 1.000
S4 Chinese 0.750 0.417 1.000 0.721
S4 Full 1.000 0.914 0.750 0.890
S4 Russian 0.914 1.000 0.417 0.781
S4 Short 0.890 0.781 0.721 1.000
Source: outputs/tables/fimi_s2_s4_version_reliability.csv (top) and outputs/tables/fimi_s2_s4_version_correlations.csv (bottom). Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-09_fimi_variant_diagnostics.R.

A10 — Glossary

Table 8: Annex F — Glossary.
Annex F — Glossary
Short technical and policy terms used in the report. Cells flagged [DRAFT] require a final cross-check against the methods annex before publication.
Term Definition
AVE Average Variance Extracted. Proportion of variance in a construct's indicators captured by the latent factor; ≥ .50 conventional threshold.
Chinese-origin FIMI Mean across `news6`-`news8`. [DRAFT — confirm against item-mapping]
Configural invariance Same factor structure holds across groups; loadings and intercepts free to vary.
DG CONNECT Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology — the European Commission service that owns the FIMI / disinformation policy portfolio.
DSA Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065). Sets risk-assessment obligations under Art. 34/35 and platform-data access under Art. 40 for Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs).
DisInforMeter The instrument introduced in this report: a 27-item Short scale + 11 first-order belief items + 5 higher-order affective composites measuring population FIMI susceptibility.
EDMO European Digital Media Observatory — the EU's network of independent fact-checking and disinformation-research hubs.
FDR False Discovery Rate (Benjamini–Hochberg). Used here to adjust the p-values of the 174 external-anchor correlations.
FIMI Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference. Coordinated activity by a foreign actor (state or non-state) designed to manipulate the information environment of another country.
FIMI Defender EEAS / StratCom's analytical framework for cataloguing FIMI incidents and attribution.
FIMI item One of the 8 news-headline plausibility ratings (`news1`-`news8`) that constitute the FIMI battery. Higher rating = better detection of manipulation.
First-order belief One of 11 narrower belief sub-dimensions (Exploitation, LGBT+ threat, Immigration, Abandonment by allies / own state / media, Pragmatism toward Russia / China, Superiority of Russia / China, Poisonous ethnocentrism).
Full FIMI Mean across all 8 news items (`news1`-`news8`).
Higher-order composite An affective–cognitive construct (Threat, Betrayal / abandonment, Fear / pragmatism, Foreign-power admiration, General anchor) measured directly in S2-S5 via dedicated items.
Marginal r (predictor rank) Country-specific marginal correlation between a higher-order factor score (metric-invariant) and Full FIMI; bounded in [-1, +1]. Used for the country-snapshot 'top-3 predictors' bar (F-22..F-28).
Metric invariance Loadings are equal across groups (relationships between constructs are comparable).
Russian-origin FIMI Mean across `news1`-`news5`. [DRAFT — confirm against item-mapping]
Scalar invariance Intercepts also equal across groups (absolute means are comparable).
Short FIMI Source-balanced 4-item subset `news2 / news5 / news7 / news8`.
VLOP / VLOSE Very Large Online Platform / Very Large Online Search Engine. Designated under DSA Art. 33 once monthly active EU recipients exceed 45 million.
ΔCFI Change in the Comparative Fit Index between two nested invariance models. ΔCFI ≥ -0.010 supports the more constrained model (Cheung & Rensvold 2002).
ω (McDonald's omega) Composite reliability under the CFA loadings, more appropriate than α when loadings are unequal.
Source: Author judgement; cross-checked against methods annex and EU policy documents (EDMO, DSA, EEAS FIMI Defender). Reproduction code: scripts/policy_report/A-10_glossary.R.